Appealing Research Essay: Mortal Kombat Armageddon Essay

  I struggled all semester with using the right amount of information to include about the video games. Mr. Laskowski made it clear that my audience would be unfamiliar with the game’s context, so I needed to make sure I include (1) use the ideas of others as a critical lens to interpret other texts, (2) articulate/present a controlling purpose, and (3) use correct citations to summarize, paraphrase, and quote as well as incorporate the ideas of others accurately, fairly, and grammatically.   Mr. Laskowski’s observations were very correct in developing my essay’s overall structure. In response, my essay has followed these guidelines in order to gather the audience’s attention. Readers can readily identify the outline of my argument by reading the first two pages.   In my first argument, I state that, â€Å"Gerade Jones believes that violent emotion and tension in children’s lives actually play a beneficial role in their development ([inert your name] 1).† This introduction leads my readers into the path of my essay’s purpose. Essay provides an example such as my nephew and his cousin throughout the enactment of violent behaviors towards others. I introduce my resource’s position within each example to establish rapport between the comparisons. a. Identified Key Argument   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Readers are introduced to the complete elements of the paper:   Mortal Kombat Armageddon and Street Fighter as the video game examples, my nephew’s interactions, and expert opinions that guide a reader’s identification with my thesis statement ([insert your name] 1). These factors contributed to the basis of my essay by emphasizing the relationship to reality and fantasy.   My essay establishes its credibility by referencing readers to further materials covered in the topic of game violence’s affect on young children and teens. I consider this very important because plagiarism does not exist within my paper. Articulates Controlling Purpose Although I agree that I did not overwhelmingly, my essay implements proper practices of argument formation. I believe I satisfy the basic requirements of English 102 and I should receive a passing grade for my efforts. My essay presents a circumventive argument – begins telling story by detailed background analysis then moves into facts and statistics verifiable by sources. A strong introduction regarding violence and video games states the purpose of my essay and teases readers of its context. My portfolio’s lack of logic may have distracted an audience at first, but its development revamps the basis of my argument. Cited Expert Sources I stated,†Jones (2002) believes that violent emotion and tension in children’s lives actually play a beneficial role in their development (p.6) ([insert your name] 1).† This gives my audience an introduction to an expert’s opinion of my essay regarding Mortal Kombat’s affect on your children.   This argument penetrates a reader’s guess on the information I was preparing to direct them into a psychological sphere regarding video game violence. My strengths lied in readily identifying experts, quoting, and backing their claims with my evidence. This portfolio generates a reader’s interests by highlighting the issues at hand; readers can envision or feel as if they are a part of the argument by relying on facts ([insert name] 6). My essay’s credits are listed in MLA format of in-text citations as you can see in the second paragraph of the first page. Readers can readily identify the outline of my argument by reading the first two pages.   This introduction leads my readers into the path of my essay’s purpose. My essay provides an example such as my nephew and his cousin throughout the enactment of violent behaviors towards others. I introduce my resource’s position within each example to establish rapport between the comparisons. The comparison continues to highlight the injustices placed on young gamers by ___’s argument of Mortal Kombat Armageddon’s gruesome acts. My vivid details of the enhanced visualizations in the games create an edge for readers to feel a part of the argument. I motion a call of action towards further investigations regarding the likelihood of their copying Taven’s behavior in real life: â€Å"†¦Taven has to kill many enemies to get through his conquest journey and try to find his brother Daegon.   This shows good against bad.   This is a good example for children and young adults to choose who they want to be when they are grown.   If they choose to be bad, then they should know how bad people always end up dying or get defeated at the end.   If they choose to be good, then good people always end up with a happy life and succeed in whatever they end up doing â€Å"†¦research has shown that we experience the lack of a consequence as a reward† (Jones 51).â€Å" – Excerpt from Mortal Kombat Armageddon ([insert your name] 4).    Conclusion With this example, Jones’ acknowledgements round the whole argument into a circumventive placement. An audience of inductive thinkers may have noticed this clear, yet clever organization of thoughts. My essay should receive another review by a different community so their angles can be addressed as well. In conclusion, I believe my essay holds credible by following my guide list in creating its sequence as well as its outline for my audience. Furthermore, my citations are in the proper format of MLA, authors have received their credits for expert opinions, and the articulations of my thoughts were suited for my readership.

Article 370

ARTICLE 370: LAWS AND POLITICS While the Constitution recognises in Article 370 the special status of Jammu and Kashmir, the Central Government's policies since 1953 have totally undermined its autonomy. Senior lawyer and political analyst A. G. NOORANI discusses both aspects and suggests a way out of the mess. â€Å"I say with all respect to our Constitution that it just does not matter what your Constitution says; if the people of Kashmir do not want it, it will not go there. Because what is the alternative? The alternative is compulsion and coercion†¦ â€Å"We have fought the good fight about Kashmir on the field of battle†¦ (and) †¦ in many a chancellery of the world and in the United Nations, but, above all, we have fought this fight in the hearts and minds of men and women of that State of Jammu and Kashmir. Because, ultimately – I say this with all deference to this Parliament – the decision will be made in the hearts and minds of the men and wom en of Kashmir; neither in this Parliament, nor in the United Nations nor by anybody else,† Jawaharlal N ehru said in the Lok Sabha on June 26 and August 7, 1952. Selected works of Jawaharlal Nehru, Vol. 18, p. 418 and vol. 19 pp. 295-6, respectively. â€Å"From 1953 to 1975, Chief Ministers of that State had been nominees of Delhi. Their appointment to that post was legitimised by the holding of farcical and totally rigged elections in which the Congress party led by Delhi's nominee was elected by huge majorities. † – This authoritative description of a blot on our record which most overlook was written by B. K. Nehru, who was Governor of Kashmir from 1981 to 1984, in his memoirs published in 1997 (Nice Guys Finish Second; pp. 14-5). THOSE who cavil at Article 370 of the Indian Constitution and the â€Å"special status† of Kashmir constitutionally ought to remember the â€Å"special† treatment meted out to it politically. Which other State has been subjected to such debasement an d humiliation? And, why was this done? It was because New Delhi had second thoughts on Article 370. It could not be abrogated legally. It was reduced to a husk through political fraud and constitutional abuse. The current debate is much more than about restoration of Article 370 by erasing the distortions. It is about redressing a moral wrong. The United Front government's minimum programme, published on June 5, 1996, said â€Å"respecting Article 370 of the Constitution as well as the wishes of the people, the problems of Jammu and Kashmir will be resolved through giving the people of that State t he maximum degree of autonomy. † Constitutional abuse accompanied political fraud. Article 370 was intended to guarantee Kashmir's autonomy. On December 4, 1964, Union Home Minister G. L. Nanda said it would be used to serve as â€Å"a tunnel (sic. in the wall† in order to increase the Cent re's power. The State was put in a status inferior to that of other States. One illustration suffices to demonstrate that. Parliament had to amend the Constitution four times, by means of the 59th, 64th, 67th and 68th Constitution Amendments, to extend the President's Rule imposed in Punjab on May 11, 1987. For the State of Jammu and Kashmir the same result was accomplished, from 1990 to 199 6, by mere executive orders under Article 370. Another gross case illustrates the capacity for abuse. On July 30, 1986, the President made an order under Article 370, extending to Kashmir Article 249 of the Constitution in order to empower Parliament to legislate even on a matter in the State List on the strength of a Rajya Sabha resolution. â€Å"Concurrence† to this was given by the Centre's own appointee, Governor Jagmohan. G. A. Lone, a former Secretary, Law and Parliamentary Affairs, to the State Government described in Kashmir Times (April 20 , 1995) how the â€Å"manipulation† was done â€Å"in a single day† against the Law Secretary's advice and â€Å"in the absence of a Council of Ministers. The Nehru-Abdullah Agreement in July 1952 (â€Å"the Delhi Agreement†) confirmed that â€Å"the residuary powers of legislation† (on matters not mentioned in the State List or the Concurrent List), which Article 248 and Entry 97 (Union List) confer on the Union, w ill not apply to Kashmir. The order of 1986 purported to apply to the State Article 249, which empowers Parliament to legislate even on a matter in the State List if a Rajya Sabha resolution so authorises it by a two-thirds vote. But it so amended Article 249 in its application to Kashmir as in effect to apply Article 248 instead – â€Å"any matter specified in the resolution, being a matter which is not enumerated in the Union List or in the Concurrent List. † The Union thus acquired the power to legislate not only on all matters in the State List, but others not mentioned in the Union List or the Concurrent List – the residuary power. In relation to other States, an amendment to the Constitution would require a two-thirds vote by both Houses of Parliament plus ratification by the States (Article 368). For Kashmir, executive orders have sufficed since 1953 and can continue till Doomsday. â€Å"Nowhere else, as far as I can see, is there any provision author ising the executive government to make amendments in the Constitution,† President Rajendra Prasad pointed out to Prime Minister Nehru on September 6, 1952. Nowhere else, in the world, indeed. Is this the state of things we wish to perpetuate? Uniquely Ka shmir negotiated the terms of its membership of the Union for five months. Article 370 was adopted by the Constituent Assembly as a result of those parleys. YET, all hell broke loose when the State Assembly adopted, on June 26, a resolution recording its acceptance of the report of the State Autonomy Committee (the Report) and asked â€Å"the Union Government and the Government of Jammu and Kashmir to take positi ve and effective steps for the implementation of the same. † On July 4, the Union Cabinet said that the resolution was â€Å"unacceptable†¦ would set the clock back and reverse the natural process of harmonising the aspirations of the people of Jammu & Kashmi r with the integrity of the State† – a patent falsehood, as everyone knows. The State's Law Minister, P. L. Handoo, said on June 26 that the people â€Å"want nothing more than what they had in 1953. † Overworked metaphors (about the clock or the waters of the Jhelum which flowed since) do not answer two crucial questions: Can lapse of time sanctify patent constitutional abuse? Can it supply legislative competence? If Parliament has legislated over the States on a matter on which it had no power to legislate, under the Constitution, it would be a nullity. Especially if the State's people have been protesting meanwhile and their voice was stifled through rigged elections. Disapproval of Chief Minister Farooq Abdullah's opportunist politics should not blind one to the constitutional issues. The State's Finance Minister, Abdul Rahim Rather, a moving spirit behind the Report, resents suggestions of political timing. The repo rt was placed before the Assembly on April 13, 1999. The State Cabinet endorsed its recommendations and decided last April to convene a special session of the Assembly to discuss it. The Government of India was â€Å"once again requested to set up a ministeri al committee in order to initiate a dialogue on the report. â€Å" It provides a comprehensive survey of constitutional developments, which is useful in itself for its documentation. It lists 42 orders under Article 370 and gives the following opinion: â€Å"Not all these orders can be objected to. For instance, none can obj ect to provisions for direct elections to Parliament in 1966†¦ It is the principle that matters. Constitutional limits are there to be respected, not violated. † The ruler of Jammu and Kashmir acceded to India by an Instrument of Accession on October 26, 1947 in respect of only three subjects – defence, foreign affairs and communications. A schedule listed precisely 16 topics under these heads plus four others (e lections to Union legislature and the like). Clause 5 said that the Instrument could not be altered without the State's consent. Clause 7 read: â€Å"Nothing in this Instrument shall be deemed to commit me in any way to acceptance of any future Constitution of India or fetter my discretion to enter into arrangements with the Government of India under any such future Constitution. † Kashmir was then governed internally by its own Constitution of 1939. The Maharaja made an Order on October 30, 1947 appointing Sheikh Abdullah the Head of the Emergency Administration, replacing it, on March 5, 1948, with an Interim Government with the Sheikh as Prime Minister. It was enjoined to convene a National Assembly â€Å"to frame a Constitution† for the State. Negotiations were held on May 15 and 16, 1949 at Vallabhbhai Patel's residence in New Delhi on Kashmir's future set-up. Nehru and Abdullah were present. Foremost among the topics were â€Å"the framing of a Constitution for the State† and â€Å"the subjects in res pect of which the State should accede to the Union of India. On the first, Nehru recorded in a letter to the Sheikh (on May 18) that both Patel and he agreed that it was a matter for the State's Constituent Assembly. â€Å"In regard to (ii) the Jammu and Kas hmir State now stands acceded to the Indian Union in respect of three subjects; namely, foreign affairs, defence and communications. It will be for the Con stituent Assembly of the State when convened, to determine in respect of which other subjects the State may accede† (emphasis added, throughout). Article 370 embodies this basic principle which was reiterated throughout (S. W. J. N. Vol. 11; p. 12). On June 16, 1949, Sheikh Abdullah, Mirza Mammad Afzal Beg, Maulana Mohammed Saeed Masoodi and Moti Ram Bagda joined the Constituent Assembly of India. Negotiations began in earnest on Article 370 (Article 306. A in the draft). N. Gopalaswamy Ayyangar tri ed to reconcile the differences between Patel and Abdullah. A text, agreed on October 16, was moved in the Constituent Assembly the next day, unilaterally altered by Ayyangar. A trivial change,† as he admitted in a letter to the Sheikh on October 18. Pa tel confirmed it to Nehru on November 3 on his return from the United States. Beg had withdrawn his amendment after the accord. Abdullah and he were in the lobby, and rushed to the House when they learnt of the change. In its original form the draft woul d have made the Sheikh's ouster in 1953 impossible. ARTICLE 370 embodies six special provisions for Jammu and Kashmir. First , it exempted the State from the provisions of the Constitution providing for the governance of the States. Jammu and Kashmir was allowed to have its own Constitution within the Indi an Union. Second, Parliament's legislative power over the State was restricted to three subjects – defence, external affairs and communications. The President could extend to it other provisions of the Constitution to provide a constitutional framework if they related to the matters specified in the Instrument of Accession. For this, only â€Å"consultation† with the State government was required since the State had already accepted them by the Instrument. But, third, if other â€Å"constitutional† provisions or other Union powers were to be extended to Kashmir, the prior â€Å"concurrence† of the State government was required. The fourth feature is that that concurrence was provisional. It had to be ratified by the State's Constituent Assembly. Article 370(2) says clearly: â€Å"If the concurrence of the Government of the State†¦ be given before the Constituent Assembly for the pu rpose of framing the Constitution of the State is convened, it shall be placed before such Assembly for such decision as it may take thereon. â€Å" The fifth feature is that the State government's authority to give the â€Å"concurrence† lasts only till the State's Constituent Assembly is â€Å"convened†. It is an â€Å"interim† power. Once the Constituent Assembly met, the State government could not give its own â€Å"concurrence†. Still less, after the Assembly met and dispersed. Moreover, the President cannot exercise his power to extend the Indian Constitution to Kashmir indefinitely. The power has to stop at the point the State's Constituent Assembly draft ed the State's Constitution and decided finally what additional subjects to confer on the Union, and what other rovisions of the Constitution of India it should get extended to the State, rather than having their counterparts embodied in the State Const itution itself. Once the State's Constituent Assembly had finalised the scheme and dispersed, the President's extending powers ended completely. The sixth special feature, the last step in the p rocess, is that Article 370(3) empowers the President to make an Order abrogating or amending it. But for this also â€Å"the recommendation† of the State's Constituent Assembly â€Å"shall be necessary before the President issues such a notification†. Article 370 cannot be abrogated or amended by recourse to the amending provisions of the Constitution which apply to all the other States; namely, Article 368. For, in relation to Kashmir, Article 368 has a proviso which says that no constitutional amend ment â€Å"shall have effect in relation to the State of Jammu and Kashmir† unless applied by Order of the President under Article 370. That requires the concurrence of the State's government and ratification by its Constituent Assembly. Jammu and Kashmir is mentioned among the States of the Union in the First Schedule as Article 1 (2) requires. But Article 370 (1) (c) says: â€Å"The provisions of Article 1 and of this Article shall apply in relation to that State†. Article 1 is thus appl ied to the State through Article 370. What would be the effect of its abrogation, as the Bharatiya Janata Party demands? Ayyangar's exposition of Article 370 in the Constituent Assembly on October 17, 1949 is authoritative. â€Å"We have also agreed that the will of the people through the instrument of the Constituent Assembly will determine the Constitution of the State as wel l as the sphere of Union jurisdiction over the State†¦ You will remember that several of these clauses provide for the concurrence of the Government of Jammu and Kashmir State. Now, these relate particularly to matters which are not mentioned in the Ins trument of Accession, and it is one of our commitments to the people and Government of Kashmir that no such additions should be made except with the consent of the Constituent Assembly which may be called in the State for the purpose of framing its Co nstitution. â€Å" Ayyangar explained that â€Å"the provision is made that when the Constituent Assembly of the State has met and taken its decision both on the Constitution for the State and on the range of federal jurisdiction over the State, the President may, on the recomm endation of that Constituent Assembly, issue an Order that this Article 306 (370 in the draft) shall either cease to be operative, or shall be operative only subject to such exceptions and modifications as may be specified by him. But before he issued an y order of that kind, the recommendation of the Constituent Assembly will be a condition precedent. THE HINDU PHOTO LIBRARY Prime Minister Jawaharlal Nehru with Sheikh Abdullah. This unique process of Presidential Orders altering constitutional provisions by a mere executive order ends with the final decision of the State's Constituent Assembly. Ayyangar repeatedly said that the State government's concurrence alone will not do. â€Å"That concurrence should be placed before th e Constituent Assembly when it meets and the Constituent Assembly may take whatever decisions it likes on those matters. † (Constituent Assembly Debates; Vol. 8; pp. 424-427). In 1949, no one knew when Kashmir's Constituent Assembly would be elected. Ayyangar therefore said: â€Å"The idea is that even before the Constituent Assembly meets, it may be necessary†¦ that certain items which are not included in the Instrument of Access ion would be appropriately added to that list in the Instrument†¦ and as this may happen before the Constituent Assembly meets, the only authority from whom we can get consent for the addition is the Government of the State. † This was explicitly only for that interim period. Article 370 (1) (b) is clear. The power of Parliament to make laws for the said State shall be limited to† (1) matters in the Union and Concurrent Lists corresponding to the broad heads specified in the Instrument of Accession â€Å"and (ii) such other matte rs in the said Lists as, with the concurrence of the Government of the State the President may by Order specify†. An Explanation defined â€Å"the Government of the Stateâ € . Similar â€Å"concurrence† was required when extending provisions regarding Union instituti ons beyond the agreed ones. But Article 370 (2) stipulated clearly that if that concurrence is given â€Å"before the Constituent Assembly†¦ s convened, it shall be placed before such Assembly for such decision as it may take thereon†. Once Kashmir's Constituent Assembly was â€Å"convened† on November 5, 1951, the State Government lost all authority to accord its â€Å"concurrence† to the Union. With the Assembly's dispersal on November 17, 1956, after adopting the Constitution of Jammu and Kas hmir, vanished the only authority which alone could cede: (a) more powers to the Union and (b) accept Union institutions other than those specified in the Instrument of Accession. All additions to Union powers since then are unconstitutional. This unders tanding informed decisions – right until 1957. THE Constituent Assembly of India adopted the Constitution on November 26, 1949. A day earlier, the ruler of Kashmir made a Proclamation declaring that it â€Å"shall in so far as it is applicable to the State of Jammu and Kashmir, govern the constitutional r elationships between this State and the contemplated Union of India†. Article 370 is more than a provision of that solemn document. It is also a sacred compact with the State. On January 26, 1950, the President made his first Order under Article 370, extending specified provisions of the new Constitution to the State. On April 20, 1951, the ruler made a Proclamation for convening the State's Constituent Assembly. It met on November 5, 1951. Two issues came to the fore. Nehru was eager to secure Kashmir's â€Å"closer integration† with India; the Sheikh to ensure popular go vernance. The Delhi Agreement that followed was announced at a press conference in Delhi on July 24, 1952 by both. This Union-Centre accord had no legal force by itself. Only an Order under Article 370 could confer that – after the Sheikh gave his â€Å"concu rrence† formally. The Sheikh, meanwhile, pressed for an Order to redraft â€Å"the Explanation† in Article 370 redefining the State government as one headed by an elected â€Å"Sadar-i-Riyasat (State President)†¦ acting on the advice† of his Ministers. As for the Sheikh's request, Nehru wrote on July 29, 1952: â€Å"It is not a perfectly clear matter from the legal point of view how far the President can issue notifications under Article 370 several times. † On September 6, 1952, President Rajendra Prasad po inted out the illegality of such a course in a closely reasoned Note. (It is appended to the Report. He questioned â€Å"the competence of the President to have repeated recourse to the extraordinary powers conferred on him† by Article 370. â€Å"Any provi sion authorising the executive government to make amendments in the Constitution† was an incongruity. He endorsed Ayyangar's views on the finality of a single Order under Article 370. â€Å"I have little doubt myself that the intention is that the power is to be exercised only once, for then alone would it be possible to determine with precision which particular provisions should be excepted and which modified. The President concluded: â€Å"The conclusion, therefore, seems to me to be irresistible that Clause (3) of Article 370 was not intended to be used from time to time as occasion required. Nor was it intended to be used without any limit as to time. The correc t view appears to be that recourse is to be had to this clause only when the Constituent Assembly (sic) (Constitution) of the State has been fully framed. † That was over on November 17, 1956. But he yielded to Nehru's pressure and made the Order on Novem ber 15, 1952. Events took a tragic course. The Sheikh was dismissed from office and imprisoned on August 9, 1953 (vide the writer's article, How and Why Nehru and Abdullah Fell Out†: Economic and Political Weekly; January 30, 1999). On May 14, 1954 came a compr ehensive Presidential Order under Article 370. Although it was purported to have been made with the â€Å"concurrence† of the State government it drew validity from a resolution of the Constituent Assembly on February 15, 1954 which approved extension to the State of some provisions of the Constitution of India. The Order sought to implement the Delhi Agreement. The Report makes two valid points. Why the haste since the State's Constitution was yet to be framed? Besides, the order in some respects went beyon d the Delhi Agreement. It certainly paved the way for more such Orders – all with â€Å"the concurrence of the State Government†, each elected moreover in a rigged poll. Ninetyfour of the 97 Entries in the Union List and 26 of the 47 in the Concurrent List were extended to Kashmir as were 260 of the 395 Articles of the Constitution. Worse, the State's Constitution was overridden by the Centre's orders. Its basic structure was altered. The head of State elected by the State legislature was replaced by a Governor nominated by the Centre. Article 356 (imposition of President's Rule) wa s applied despite provision in the State's Constitution for Governor's rule (Section 92). This was done on November 21, 1964. On November 24, 1966, the Governor replaced the Sadar-i-Riyasat after the State's Constitution had been amended on April 10, 1965 by the 6th Amendment in violation of Section 147 of the Constitution. Section 147 makes itself immune to amendment. But it referred to the Sadar-i-Riyasat and required his assent to constitutional amendments. He was elected by the Assembly [Section 27 (2)]. To replace him by the Centre's nominee was to alter the basic structure. Article 370 was used freely not only to amend the Constitution of India but also of the State. On July 23, 1975 an Order was made debarring the State legislature from amending the State Constitution on matters in respect of the Governor, the Election Co mmission and even â€Å"the composition† of the Upper House, the Legislative Council. It would be legitimate to ask how all this could pass muster when there existed a Supreme Court of India. Three cases it decided tell a sorry tale. In Prem Nath Kaul vs State of J, decided in 1959, a Constitution Bench consisting of five judges unanimously held that Article 370 (2) â€Å"shows that the Constitution-makers attached great importance to the final decision of the Constituent Assembly, and the continuance of the exercise of powers conferred on the Parliament and the President by t he relevant temporary provision of Article 370 (1) is made conditional on the final approval by the said Constituent Assembly in the said matters†. It referred to Clause 3 and said that â€Å"the proviso to Clause (3) also emphasises the importance whi ch was attached to the final decision of Constituent Assembly of Kashmir in regard to the relevant matters covered by Article 370†. The court ruled that â€Å"the Constitution-makers were obviously anxious that the said relationship should be finally d etermined by the Constituent Assembly of the State itself. † But, in 1968, in Sampat Prakash vs the State of J, another Bench ruled to the contrary without even referring to the 1959 case. Justice M. Hidayatullah sat on both Benches. The court held that Article 370 can still be used to make orders thereunder despite the fact that the State's Constituent Assembly had ceased to exist. FOUR BASIC flaws stand out in the judgment. †¢First, the Attorney-General cited Ayyangar's speech only on the India-Pakistan war of 1947, the entanglement with the United Nations and the conditions in the State. On this basis, the court said, in 1968, that â€Å"the situation that existed when this Article was incorporated in the Constitution has not materially altered,† 21 years later. It ignored completely Ayyangar's exposition of Article 370 itself; fundamentally, that the Constituent Assembly of Kashmir al one had the final say. †¢Secondly, it brushed aside Article 370 (2) which lays down this condition, and said that it spoke of â€Å"concurrence given by the Government of State before the Constituent Assembly was convened and makes no mention at all of the completion† of its work or its dissolution. The supreme power of the State's Constituent Assembly to ratify any change, or refuse to do so, was clearly indicated. Clause (3) on the cessation of Article 370 makes it clearer still. But the court picked on this clause to hold that since the Assembly had made no recommendation that Article 370 be abrogated, it should continue. It, surely, does not follow that after that body dispersed the Union acquired the power to amass powers by invoking Article 370 when the decisive ratificatory body was gone. †¢ Thirdly, the Supreme Court totally overlooked the fact that on its interpretation, Article 370 can be abused by collusive State and Central Governments to override the State's Constitution and reduce the guarantees to naught. Lastly, the court misconstru ed the State Constituent Assembly's recommendation of November 17, 1952, referred to earlier, which merely defined in an explanation â€Å"the Government of the State†. To the court this meant that the Assembly had â€Å"expressed its agreement to the continued op eration of this Article by making a recommendation that it should be operative with this modification only. † It had in fact made no such recommendation. The Explanation said no more than that â€Å"for the purposes of this Article, the Government of the State means†¦ It does not, and indeed, cannot remove the limitations on the Central Government's power to concurrence imposed by Clause (2); namely ratification by the Constituent Assembly. The court laid down no limit whatever whether as regards the time or the content. â€Å"We must give the widest effect to the meaning of the word ‘modification' used in Article 370 (1)†. The net result of this ruling was to gi ve a carte blanche to the Government of India to extend to Kashmir such of the provisions of the Constitution of India as it pleased. In 1972, in Mohammed Maqbool Damnoo vs the State of J & K, another Bench blew sky high the tortuous meaning given to the Explanation. It was a definition which had become â€Å"otiose†. But this Bench also did not refer to the 1959 ruling. Cases there are, albeit rare, when courts have overlooked a precedent. But that is when there is a plethora of them. Article 370 gave rise only to three cases. The first was studiously ignored in both that followed. The court found no difference between an elected S adar and an appointed Governor. There is no question of such a change being one in the character of that government from a democratic to a non-democratic system. † If the Constitution of India is amended to empower the Prime Minister to nominate the Pres ident as Sri Lanka's 1972 Constitution did – would it make no difference to its democratic character, pray? To this Bench â€Å"the essential feature† of Article 370 (1) (b) and (d) is â€Å"the necessity of the concurrence of the State Government†, not the Consti tuent Assembly. This case was decided before the Supreme Court formulated in 1973 the doctrine of the unamendable basic structure of the Constitution. GIVEN their record, whenever Kashmir is involved, how can anyone ask Kashmiris to welcome Union institutions (such as the Election Commission) with warmth? Sheikh Abdullah had no cards to play when he concluded an Accord with Indira Gandhi and became Chief Minister on February 24, 1975. At the outset, on August 23, 1974, he had written to G. Parthasarathy: â€Å"I hope that I have made it abundantly clear to you that I can assume office only on the basis of the position as it existed on August 8, 1953. † Judgment on the changes since â€Å"will be deferred until the newly elected Assembly comes into being†. On November 13, 1974, G. P. and M. A. Beg signed â€Å"agreed concl usions† – Article 370 remained; so did the residuary powers of legislation (except in regard to anti-national acts); Constitutional provisions extended with changes can be â€Å"altered or repealed†; the State could review Central laws on specified topics (we lfare, culture, and so on) counting on the Centre's â€Å"sympathetic consideration†; a new bar on amendment to the State Constitution regarding the Governor and the E. C. Differences on â€Å"nomenclature† of the Governor and Chief Minister were â€Å"remitted to the p rincipals†. Differences persisted on the E. C. , Article 356 and other points. On November 25, the Sheikh sought a meeting with Prime Minister Indira Gandhi. Her reply not only expressed doubt on the usefulness of talks but also on his commitment to â€Å"the b asic features of the State's Constitution† and to â€Å"the democratic functioning† of the government. Hurt, he wrote back ending the parleys. They met at Pahalgam. An exchange of letters, on February 12, 1975, clinched the deal on the basis of the Agreed Con clusions. This was a political accord between an individual, however eminent, and the Government, like the Punjab Accord (July 24, 1985); the Assam Accord (August 15, 1985); the Nagaland Accord (November 11, 1975); and the Mizoram Accord (June 30, 1986) – e ach between the government and the opposition. It cannot override Article 370; still less sanctify Constitutional abuse. It bound the Sheikh alone and only until 1977. This was explicitly an accord on â€Å"political cooperation between us†, as Indira Gandhi wrote (December 16, 1974). On February 12, 1975, Abdullah recorded that it provided â€Å"a good basis for my cooperation at the political level†. In Parliament on March 3, 1975 she called it a â€Å"new political understanding†. He was made Chief Minister on February 24, backed by the Congress' majority in the Assembly and on the understanding of a fresh election soon. Sheikh Abdullah's memoirs Aatish-e-Chinar (Urdu) rec ord her backtracking on the pledge and the Congress' perfidy in March 1977 when she lost the Lok Sabha elections. It withdrew support and staked a claim to form a government. Governor's Rule was imposed. The Sheikh's National Conference won the elections with a resounding majority on the pledge to restore Jammu and Kashmir's autonomy, which was also Farooq's pledge in 1996. The 1975 accord had collapsed. It was, I can reveal, based on gross error. The Agreed Conclusions said (Para 3): â€Å"But provisions of the Constitution already applied to the State of J&K without adaptation or modification are unalterable. † This preposterous assertion was made in the tee th of the Sampat Prakash case. One order can always be rescinded by another. All the orders since 1954 can be revoked; they are a nullity anyway. Beg was precariously ill and relied on advice which GP's â€Å"expert† had given him. He was one S. Balakr ishnan whom R. Venkataraman refers to as â€Å"Constitutional Adviser in the Home Ministry† in his memoirs. It is no disrespect to point out that issues of such complexity and consequence are for counsel's opinion; not from a solicitor, still less a bureaucrat even if he had read the law. Even the Law Secretary would have insisted on the Attorney-General's opinion. Amazed at what Beg had told me in May 1975, I pursued the matter and eventually met Balakrishnan in 1987. He confirmed that he had, indeed, given

Marialyn Essay

My First week in bank of Makati makes me so tired but still I am grateful because we got the opportunity to have an on-the-job-training with a prestigious kind of bank. I was assigned near the teller’s area. In my first tasked Ma’am Noreen the branch operations head, assigned me to encode the account name and account number of clients exclusive only for the past two years. I was also assigned to stamp the liquidated receipt paid by the bank as their expenses and etc. I also had a time to socialize with some employee. In the following days, my tasked are still the same. I continued to encode the remaining sets of accounts then I stamp customer information forms. I was also assigned by Ma’am Dianne the marketing sales associate to paste the invitation cards and cut designs for the candle holder which will be used for the opening of the new building that the bank of Makati will be moved. Those invitation cards will be given to their selected clients. I was also assigned to arrange receipts according to its serial number. An hour before the duty end the manager treat us a snack for us to relieve our stress. In the second week of our on the job training, during its first day we already moved to the new and better building of Bank of Makati which is located at Quimpo Boulevard, Ecoland Matina Davao City. We have a little celebration together with the manager, employees, visitors and other officers from the main office. When we went back to our work, one of the employee who is assigned in loan operation department told me together with my co-trainees to count the documents by hundred. As I get back to the department where I truly assign, Ma’am Noreen instructed me to arrange the files sealed in the long enveloped and cleaned it. The next day I encode another set of account name and number of clients. After that I was task to arrange again the files sealed in the enveloped the same routine that I made the other day since the branch operation head told the utility man to transfer the drawer’s placed then I take off the envelop and I arrange it back to its original placed. I was also tasked to stamp letters which will be given to the clients and then I make sorting for the serial number of sealed enveloped, it seems that it is confidential I cannot saw what’s inside of it. I also helped my co-trainee to cut the slips in check accounts that will be used by the teller. In the following days, I was tasked to cut small pieces of labeled papers which has a content of bank’s name and its new address, it will be used as label to those envelop that will be delivered to the clients. After that I paste those pieces of papers that I cut and I inserted the letters inside of it and then I sealed. I also cut another pieces of papers which has the content for requirements purposes and I arrange it to the small box. At afternoon, I was tasked to put check marks in the customer information forms, specimen signature cards, payroll debit authorization & etc. so that it would be easy for the clients to know the things that they only needed to fill up. I also arrange bundles of transmittal form according to its places. It was quit tiring and confusing because after separating the transmittal form according to its places, we’re going to arrange it also by dates in descending order. In my third week, during its first day I continued sorting the transmittal forms which I started last week. I was also instructed to cut pieces of labeled papers that will be used by the teller in wrapping cash such as 500 and 1,000 bills, and then I continue doing it after lunch. I was also tasked by one of the employee assigned in loan operation department to look the certificate of registration of selected clients. After that I was assigned by Ma’am Dianne to fold letters for the clients and sealed it to envelop. The next task was looking for those selected names in a two bundles of sheets. I was also instructed by Ma’am Noreen to her by e-mail the things that I encoded last week. For the following days I was tasked to crash out the wrong information regarding the terms and conditions in time deposit/special savings account in the customer information forms, I think that were about hundred of forms. I was also assigned to stamp bundles of envelop and then I also answered telephone calls and I make sketch lines in log book for clients information purposes. In the next day my tasked are still the same as yesterday which is the crashed out thing in the customer information form but the difference was this time I crashed out the already filled up forms by the clients while yesterday it was the unfilled up ones. The next tasked that was assigned to me was to fold letters and sealed it to an enveloped. After that I continued my tasked which is the crashed out thing again and that was my assigned work for the whole afternoon and a whole day in the next day. In the last of my duty for this week, Ma’am Dianne let me joined with their official business travel or what they called OBT. We went to nearby places in Davao City in which our target market was the regular employees, encouraging them to avail the newly created loan system of the bank of Makati. It was quit tiring but enjoy because I get the chance to observe them the actual way on how to market a loan. For this week, my first tasked was to sort and alphabetized the signature cards, that was my assigned work for the whole day. On the second day, I helped my co-trainees in their assigned department to sort and arranged bundles of files. Then the next day I was tasked to check and arranged the documents in customer information form and after that I go back with my co-trainees and helped them to continued their assigned work since the other day. At afternoon, one of the employees in loan operation department asked me to get inside the vault and look for the registration card of those listed names that she gave to me. Since I was absent last Friday I have to comply it in Saturday and in that day I was tasked to stamp, sort and arranged the signature cards, arranged other files, sorting and arranging receipts. In this week my tasked was to arranged files, I inserted those customer information forms inside the enveloped in alphabetical order. I was also told to make corrections for those unwanted information in customer information forms. In Tuesday I was asked to encode receipts and sort it after. I also cut withdrawal slips that will be used by the teller. In Wednesday, I continued to cut withdrawal slips and that was my work for the entire day. In Thursday I was assigned to cut another sets of slips, after that I was tasked to pull-out certificate of registration’s (CR’s). In the last day of the week I helped my co-trainee in their assigned department in segregating documents namely the Dacion en Pago or Deed of Sale. For this week, I was with my co-trainee in their assigned department. We arranged documents and I was also assigned to pull-out certificate of registrations. The next day I together with my co-trainee was instructed to look for the document of a specific customer. In Thursday, after one & a half day of looking for the document in almost a hundred of bundled sheets at last we found it. The next thing we did was to insert those sealed envelops to its original placed. In the last day of ojt for this week I was assigned in the vault’s area, I arranged and sort files. I was also assigned in loan operation department; I was tasked there to look for the documents listed in a 3 sheets of bond paper. Mission Statement We value our role in economic development We exist to help more people: I. Answer the following questions on a separate sheet. A. Has the practicum/fieldwork experience helped you prepare for a job in the business field? Why or why not? Yes, the practicum experienced helped me prepare for a job in the business field because it gives me learning about the real scenario of how to work in a bank, in which they taught me those duties and responsibilities that I will be used in preparing for a job someday. With that, I could I could say that those learning’s from where I had my practicum motivates me to be ready in the actual world of workplace. B. Which of the courses you have taken were of the most value during the Practicum? Of all the courses that I have taken the most valuable during the practicum was the Total Quality Management (TQM), which talks about on how to manage things in a proper way because in the work that I have undergo I was assigned in encoding, stamping, filing, arranging documents and from those worked that I have encountered I have learned to see to it that everything must be in the proper way. It should be organized and orderly done. C. What could your company/job supervisor have done to improve your practicum/fieldwork experience? My supervisor helped me to become a good listener, alert, and patience in every tasked that she gave to me. She made me become a good listener in the sense that I should see to it that in every words that she says, I must directly and clearly understand it. To be alert that in every assigned work I should have the enthusiasm or willingness to do and lastly she made me become patience, that whatever loaded work that will be given to me I shouldn’t be get mad or be high tempered. D. What could you have done to improve your practicum/fieldwork experience? The thing that I have done to improve my practicum experienced is to gain willingness in every tasked that will be given, because if there’s a willing power of a person there’s a big possibility to make the worked done properly E. What skills/competencies were you required to use in your fieldwork that: . 1. You felt prepared to do: The skills that I have required to used in my fieldwork that I felt prepared to do, are my skills in encoding, sorting, arranging bundles of documents even the ability to make conversations with clients and faced their concerns. 2. You felt unprepared to do: The skill that I felt unprepared to do was to market loans and making business transactions. Because I think I am not yet ready for that, I need to undergo an experienced for me to be ready. F. What other courses or learning experiences would have helped in the Practicum? The other learning experiences that have helped in the practicum was our subject in Marketing Management which tackled about on how to market products or services, reminds me in the official business travel that I have joined together with the selected employees from the bank where I did my on-the-job-training. From which I saw the actual scene on how to market loans. The other subject that helped me in the practicum was our Management 3 which talks about the ethical behavior, helped me to behave in a descent way and treat one another fairly even if a person is lower than your position G. What suggestions can you make to help improve the Practicum Program? I suggests that if

Models and Experts write up Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Models and Experts write up - Assignment Example It is worth acknowledging the fact that this model has various instructions at each and every level that directs the student as well as the person in charge of the admissions. The person I charge is guided by the model on the right ways to approach the student during the exercise and on the ways to give pieces of advice while to the student the model gives the students the various options to choose from when the preferred options fails (Trost 2011). Considering this kind of model, it can be clearly seen that it is more of the marketing models. The reason behind this is the fact that most of the marketers do involve themselves in the market analysis. Under the analysis the factor or the model that they employ is the SWOT analysis. This is where the marketers do check their strengths, weaknesses, the available market opportunities and then they test on the possible threats in the market (Trost 2011). In this kind of strategy, the admissions will also ensure that they identify the students’ various areas of weaknesses. After this, they will be able to handle the student in a manner that is quite ideal for that kind of student. This is like identification of the potential market thereby knowing their demands, tastes and preferences. The persons doing the admissions will similarly do this and put the student in the right classroom of study (Trost 2011). It is important to highlight that a student in the right classroom is a very important factor to consider when making any form of student admissions. In one of the researches that were conducted, it was noted with a lot of concern that a student in the right class performs well and is not mentally disturbed in any way. From the research, it was noted that 805 of students who perform well are in the right class, 60% also perform well and these follow the instructions given to repeat, 10% who are forced by parents to be promoted do not excel while 20% who are forced to repeat also do not

Symbolic Sexism in The Color Purple Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2500 words

Symbolic Sexism in The Color Purple - Essay Example weaving, or Shakespeare’s Desdemona, wandering aimlessly through her palace trying to puzzle out what’s troubling her dear husband, the woman of color was expected to play the woman as well as the servant. Her servant status did not only include the duties of the home, as it did for white women of lower class, but also the duties of the fields and the livestock. She was considered the most versatile workhorse, plaything and servant available. It was a role that only become more complex following the age of American slavery, when the woman of color was not just a servant or a woman, but a sexual tool to be used at will by whichever man has current rights to her. The question of the modern age, then, can be put in terms of who has control of the woman’s sexuality, the woman or the man who ‘owns’ her. This struggle over who has control of the woman’s sexuality is one of the primary themes that runs through Alice Walker’s novel The Color Pu rple. As Celie develops from an oppressed black woman of the South to a liberated woman of the modern age, the elements of symbolic sexism are exposed both within the novel and the film, although this expression is somewhat different in the novel than in the film. Alice Walker’s novel The Color Purple (1982), investigates the black American woman’s experience of double oppression, first as a black person and then, more significantly, as a woman, elements that are present to different degrees within the film version (1985). The main character, Celie, is presented as a black woman heavily oppressed, trained early to be subservient and completely conventional in her ideas as a result. Her experience of life has taught her that one is either submissive and accepting of the abuse or one is beaten to death if defiance is shown. Through epistolary segments, the maturation process of Celie is revealed in letters to God until Celie can’t accept Him as a protective figure anymore. This occurs at about the time

Research Methods in Healthcare Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Research Methods in Healthcare - Essay Example For Polit and Beck (2004, p. 14), two important paradigm in research are positivism and naturalism. Ontologically, the positivist paradigm asserts that reality is objective and singular while the naturalistic paradigm holds that reality is multiple and subjectively constructed by an individual (Polit and Beck 2004, p. 14). Epistemologically, the positivist paradigm considers that the researcher is independent of its subject and, thus, findings are not influenced by researcher (Polit and Beck 2004, p. 14). In contrast, the naturalistic paradigm assumes that findings are product of the interactive process between the researcher and the researched (Polit and Beck 2004, p. 14). Axiologically, the positivist paradigm maintains that values and biases must be rejected in the interest of objectivity but, contradicting this, the naturalist paradigm hold that subjectivity is unavoidable (Polit and Beck 2004, p. 14). ... 18). Following Conger (1998), Bryman et al. (1988), and Alvesson (1996), Ospina (2004, p. 2) pointed out that there are at least three advantages in employing qualitative research. First, qualitative research designs are highly flexible as the research design can be modified in the course of research as unexpected situations unfold. Second, qualitative research is sensitive to contextual factors. Third, unlike quantitative research, qualitative research is more appropriate for symbolic dimensions and meanings. Hancock (2002, p. 2) pointed out that qualitative research is most appropriate for finding out the motives for behaviour, how opinions and attitudes are developed, how people are affected by events, and how social groups are different from each other. Hancock (2002, p.2) pointed out that qualitative research can concern itself with an elaborated description of the opinions, experiences, and feelings of individuals, something which quantitative research usually cannot do or can do so in a very limited way. There is an array of qualitative research techniques. Creswell (2007) focused on five: narrative, phenomenology, grounded theory, ethnography, and case study. Narrative studies involve the documentation and study of written or spoken texts (Cresswell 2007, p. 54). A narrative study can be an autobiography or a recording by the subject of the study (Cresswell 2007, p. 54). It can also be a biography which is a study in which a researcher writes and records the experience of another person (Cresswell 2007, p. 54). A narrative can also be life history when the narration portrays a person’s entire life (Cresswell 2007, p. 54). For healthcare studies, one possible use

Era of Totalitarianism Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Era of Totalitarianism - Essay Example All these totalitarian regimes consequently took monumental toll, with millions of people perishing and suffering under the insistence of the political party in power to regulate and dictate all facets of economic, social and even spiritual aspects of human existence. The mobilizing power of the totalitarian regimes, their ability to foster mass movements was based on extreme interpretations of the ideologies of Marx and Nietzsche. Both Marx and Nietzsche lived during a time in the 19th century when science was on the rise and religion was on a decline as the guidepost in matters of human progress and direction. The inward aspects of human existence, the spiritual aspects were seemingly irrelevant with the unprecedented economic progress as can be seen in the West, that was albeit accompanied by the marginalization of certain sectors of society (the toiling, labor classes of Marx) as well as corruption and decadence (the nihilism, the weaknesses engendered by the Christian religion1) as observed by Nietzsche. Both philosophers stressed the ability of mankind to change their reality, Marx in his deterministic belief that the workers rise to power is inevitable and in Nietzsche's trumpeting of the morality of the master over the slave. The historical determinism of Marx and the infinite call to power of the individual with no boundaries in Nietzsche's ideas were potent brews that combined to foster the totalitar ian regimes of the 20th century. Marx, whose ideas led to left-wing totalitarianism turned Hegel's dialectics on its head, converting the latter's predominance of ideas over reality to that of the material determining ideas of reality. For Marx, man is determined by his material or economic needs, forming superstructure for which social, moral and spiritual norms are erected. If mankind could take control of his economic life, and revolutionize it so that the workers will own the fruits of their labor, then all the other aspects of life could be wiped out clean, with oppressive relations disappearing and the mankind living in communal bliss. Far from blissful, the followers of Marx took cue on the deterministic flavor of his ideology from which the communist party became rather an organ of repression of dissent and of oppression in the dogmatic insistence on the interpretation of what constitutes and what will constitute reality. Nietzsche's ideas on the will to power and master morality on the other hand, were the Nazis' ticket to avenge Germany's humiliation after World War I. Morally relativistic, Nietzsche on the one hand when seem in a good light enjoins man to freedom, the creation of what one sees as fit for his life, without the encumbrances of societal traditions. But if used by a group or party out for political power, it had the most fantastic consequences where a nation could be made to believe that one's race is superior and consequently others are inferior - with the resulting Holocaust that killed millions of Jews in the altar of Aryanism.

Occupational health and safety Case Study Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Occupational health and safety - Case Study Example This research will begin with the statement that Occupational Healthy Safety (OHS) has the responsibility of ensuring that people engaged in employment are safe and healthy while at work.   It is an organ that fights for the welfare of employees and advocates for a healthy and safe working environment. As a working environment, it is an interaction of different people like customers, staff, and family members. Therefore, for the effectiveness of health and safety of those involved, OHS system should be active in an organization so as to avoid injuries and deaths that result from a dangerous working environment. Human life should be treated sacredly by taking preventive measures that will create confidence with the workers to offer their service without fear. Companies, which do not take such measures, expose their workers to dangerous consequences inform of injuries.   These injuries make workers stay home while nursing their wounds and pain. When people are not able to attend to their normal duties at work, they affect service delivery, which was seen through the limited returns that the company realizes. Titanic Cove Resort (TCR) is a business firm found in Byron Bay, which provides conference facilities, accommodation services, and food and beverage choices among many to their customers. This indicates that being a service industry; it has 420 members of staff, who attend to approximately 800 guests that visit the business. This paper shall discuss the efficiency of OHS system in TCR in detail, and suggest recommendations that will improve the safety and health of TCR employees and customers. Breaches in WHS Legislation According to New South Wales legislation The world Health Organization and the New South Wales legislation in Australia have a common ground in regard to occupational health and safety (Levy & Wegman 2005). According to these two organs, it is the duty of occupational health to maintain a high level of psychological and bodily safety to workers so as to avoid risks that come with working conditions. The working environment should be improved to create a reliable condition that will protect workers from work related risks. Companies should create a positive climate which would enable workers to improve their productivity in the business. TCR has shown a breach of New South Wales legislation since it has not promoted health safety. The case study indicated that a bar attendant was assaulted by an intoxicated person. This attendant was hospitalized and was to be laid off for tree weeks. This was not according to the labor legislation, which advocates for a suitable working environment. As an employer, TCR should provide securi ty for her employees while at work, but this incident where one of her works suffered these injuries, indicates a breach of legislation. Secondly, the working environment does not promote a healthy and safety climate. This was shown when a fight broke in the firm, and the security offered to go and settle the dispute, but instead he was knocked and became unconscious. This shows that TCR does not uphold occupational health and safety hence a breach of legislation in the company. Cost and Benefits of Occupational Health The above illustration indicates that the current level of occupational health and safety is not legal compliance. When workers are exposed to risks that harm their lives, they lead the company to an extra cost of providing for their medical treatment (Alston 1994). Such expenses can be avoided if the occupational health and safety system is upheld. Lack of proper occupational health may lead to deaths that make families lose their loved ones, who in this case are the bread winners. The loss of a family bread winner indicates that other family members will face challenges in meeting their basic needs. This propagates the rate of poverty in the society. Families that lose their loved ones undergo pain and grief and take time to accept the departure of their friend or relative. Therefore, to avoid such

Communication skills required in developing effective team Essay

Communication skills required in developing effective team relationships and monitoring performance of group activities - Essay Example When all the members are convinced of achieving the same goal effective team building is made possible. It is important to se how vital is communication skill in effectively motivating the team members to achieve the same goal. Eventually a team tastes success when there is a solid and healthy relationship with each other and measuring the improvement in the performance of it as a group. Developing to be an Effective Communicator In order to develop effective communication skills one must have a change in attitude towards the environment. Such transformation makes a person free of all inhibitions. This change will bring certain qualities in a person who undergoes that change in his/her personality. Firstly, good communicators have good perceptions for instance they can read the mind of their audience and can modify their message accordingly. A communicator will have precision as they will be able to create an accurate vocal picture in the mind of the listener. Good communicators also develop a credibility as they would appear to be believable and trust worthy people. Moreover, good communicators can control the conversation as well as the minds of the listeners. He can motivate the listeners in line with the intend of the message. Finally, good communicators always develop congeniality as they always maintain pleasant and positive relationship with their audience (Hamilton, et. al 1998). An effective communicator can motivate and hold people together for communication can be used as the glue to hold the solidarity of the team. A good leader, therefore, must craft the massage with utmost care, so that he/she will be able to overcome barriers and influence the listeners to act in the intended way. As species, the development for homo sapience was faster than all other species. The obvious reason to such a phenomenon was human being’s ability to communicate. Hence the skill of communication became the core of cooperation and betterment of mankind. The times have passed, human beings based their existence and development on this skill which taken humans across communities, countries and continents. Now he is on the verge of moving across planets. The narration explains how communication is being the key to success in leadership. Communication is the most common denominator that supports all the activities of a team (Courtland and Thil 1992). None of the basic procedures of managing or leading a team is possible with out communication. As explained earlier, a leader need to have those qualities explained earlier such as precision, perception, control and congeniality. Potential of a group is in close relation with the self efficacy of the group members, argues Lindsly, Brass and Thomas (1995). However, both these terms would mean the self belief every member of a team has about the team’s ability to achieve the goal. This positive forebear of effectiveness is made possible due to the good communication of the team leader and the existing positive communication among the team members. Starting from the initial process of management – the pioneering personality declaring the need of a group to achieve certain objectives – the flow of ideas, thoughts, and actions begins by the means of transferring information. Thus, the stages of planning, leading, appointing and controlling are the key areas which

Communication questions Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Communication questions - Essay Example Creation of external conditions in invitational rhetoric provides an avenue where the rhetor is open to external ideas. The audience provides the rhetor with external ideas through open sharing and discussion of ideas through one on one interaction. This interaction ends when both parties reach a common understanding. 1. Confidence and organization of materials for presentation are important credibility factors. Confidence demands that one is articulate in bringing out their ideas. Confidence during presentation shows that one has the necessary knowledge and expertise in the subject. Proper organization of materials ensures proper presentation. The audience is always keen during the presentation and they look to find errors. Meaningful transition from one material to another is perceived to be a factor of credibility. 2. An organizational pattern helps an organization to have a clear and concise outline of how to achieve its goals. The pattern should be able to make sense to the reader for easy understanding of the information. A sequential organizational pattern can be used to provide step by step information for a particular process. 3. During my presentation, the introduction should be based on self-introduction and my subject of presentation. The conclusion will be a summary of the main points. Introduction is about self –introduction, introduction of subject, how the presentation will be, and an outline of what I expect from the audience. Introduction helps to gain the attention of the audience. The conclusion helps in creating a lasting impression on the audience in regard to the quality of you work. 4. For effective elaboration I could apply the use of diagrams, use power point presentation, engage the audience through discussions, and through innovative presentation ideas and concepts. Visual diagrams help the audience develop a clear picture of the subject of presentation. Power point presentation helps